Resources
The Forum compiles resources and tools to support our members in understanding and engaging in the SRF process. This includes fact sheets,
recorded calls, recorded learning sessions, SRF resource bank.
SRF Fact Sheets (Hojas Informativas en Español)
Haga clic entres las paréntesis ( ) para las hojas informativas en español.
Recorded Sessions
Library of SRF Forum calls that have been recorded.
Feb 26 2026
From Strategy to Impact: Advocate Insights on Advancing SRF Policy Reforms
Nov 6 2025
Financing the Future of Water: Regional Roundtables
Oct 14 2025
State SRF Policies Driving Project Prioritization for Additional Subsidization
Jun 26 2025
Scaling Advocacy: Local, State, Regional, & Federal Advocacy on SRFs
Apr 24 2025
Federal SRF Funding in 2025 and 2026
Dec 5 2024
Role of Technical Assistance:
WaterTA + EFCs
Sep 24 2024
Advocacy Spotlight on
Southern States
Jun 27 2024
Building Blocks of Trust: Communities and Utilities
Mar 28 2024
Technical Assistance
Programs & Providers
Jan 30 2024
Workforce Development call on Pre-Apprenticeship Programs
Nov 8 2023
Natiowide Review: Transparency and Accessibility
Aug 8 2023
Transparency, Community Engagement, and DACs
May 9 2023
IUP Advocacy
Feb 14 2023
2023 Kick-off Call
Nov 8 2022
Year-End Review
Oct 11 2022
PFAS & Emerging Contaminants
Sep 2022
Climate Resilience
Aug 9 2022
IUPs and Procedural Justice
Jun 14 2022
Technical Assistance
Mar 8 2022
EJ Norms into state practices
Positive Impact with EPA’s WaterTA
A conversation with EPIC, EPA, and River Network about technical assistance (TA) and how you can access federal funding for water infrastructure with support from EPA’s WaterTA.
Recorded at River Rally, May 2024.
What Are Earmarks?
A primer on water infrastructure earmarks in less than seven minutes!
Produced March 2025
Recorded Learning Sessions
Compilation of Forum learning sessions
How Much Federal Funding will SRFs Get Next Year?
Congressional leaders are considering Federal fiscal year 2027 SRF appropriations requests now; bills to reauthorize the SRFs are pending for May and June. SRF Forum peers have resources you can use to educate members of Congress on the SRFs.
Session held on April 15, 2026
The Impact of Earmarks on State Revolving Funds
Janet Pritchard and Sapna Mulki from the Environmental Policy Innovation Center share key findings from their recent report “Revolving No More: How Earmarks Are Draining America’s Water Funds”
Session held on April 30th, 2026
Start Making Sense:
EPIC’s New DWSRF Funding Tracker
Danielle Goshen from the Environmental Policy Innovation Center presents how advocates can use their new Drinking Water SRF Funding Tracker.
Session held on July 14, 2026
Jan 3 2024
Clean Water SRF: The Basics
Jan 17 2024
Clean Water SRF: Green & Natural Infrastructure & Climate Resilient Projects
Jan 31 2024
Clean Water SRF: Advocacy Opportunities & Planning
SRF Resource Bank
The SRF Resource Bank is a compendium of nearly 200 publications and informational material, including presentations, reports, and memos that can help build extensive knowledge and understanding of the Clean Water and Drinking SRF program and its impact. Email Shelby at scline@rivernetwork.org to suggest new resources to add. The title of each resource is hyperlinked.
| Source | Year | Title | Summary | Resource type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alliance for the Great Lakes | 2026 | Federal Budget Impact on State SRF Programs | This tool outlines the potential prospective state-specific impacts to total water infrastructure funding as proposed in the President’s Budget (or Senate and House appropriation bills). | Database |
| Alliance for the Great Lakes | 2026 | SRF Fact Sheets of Funding to States and Districts | These factsheets provide a retrospective review of how federal funding translated down to states (i.e., US Senator factsheets) and districts (i.e., US Representative factsheets), specifically for projects serving disadvantaged communities that received Principal Forgiveness awards. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2026 | Revolving No More: How Earmarks Are Draining America’s Water Funds | Through clear data and policy analysis, this report highlights actionable recommendations for how Congress could reduce the harm of earmarks to the longevity of the SRF programs, with recommendations for states. | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2026 | DWSRF Funding Tracker: Findings & Recommendations | EPIC provides an analysis of how DWSRF dollars are distributed across the 15 focus states and highlights key trends, funding gaps, and opportunities to improve program transparency, accessibility for small and disadvantaged systems, and fund utilization. Outputs accessible from the Funding Tracker landing page include state-specific Findings & Recommendations, data-driven comments on IUPs and other water infrastructure funding programs, baseline analyses of pre-IIJA DWSRF funding allocation in 7 Southern States, deep-dive analysis scrutinizing LSL project pipelines and funding utilization, and synthesis findings for state-defined disadvantaged communities, small communities, and data collection and reporting concerns. | Webpage |
| L.E.K Consulting | 2026 | A Drop in the Bucket: IIJA’s Limited Impact on the Water and Wastewater Industry | An analysis of the effect of the IIJA on the municipal water and wastewater treatment sector. | Report |
| New Jersey Future | 2026 | Making the State Revolving Funds Work for Everyone: Advocacy, Partnerships, and Progress in New Jersey | An equity-focused review of New Jersey’s SRF program highlighting successes and recommending improvements based on data and water sector partnerships. | Report |
| Victoria Miller, Lacey Christian, Mark A Elliott, Cyndy Lowry, and Jillian Maxcy-Brown (Environmental Research Letters) | 2025 | From Congress to disadvantaged communities: an analysis of federal water infrastructure investments distributed to Alabama through state revolving funds | This novel analysis seeks to provide a greater understanding of key infrastructure funding mechanisms, analyze how federal funds are being delivered to communities in Alabama, and encourage decision-makers to shift funding programs to better reach DACs. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Banner Public Affairs | 2025 | Down the Drain: How Slashing Water Investment Risks America’s Economy | Report explaining state-by-state impacts of the FY2026 Budget proposal to cut $2.46 billion (89%) in federal funding to the SRFs. | Memo |
| Banner Public Affairs | 2025 | The Water Funding Cliff: Understanding the SRFs, BIL, and the Looming Funding Cliff | Report showing the expected reduction in funds by state in FY27 after the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law supplemental funding ends. | Memo |
| Clean Water Action | 2025 | Putting Drinking Water First: The Case for Sustained and Equitable Federal Water Infrastructure Investment | This paper makes the case for sustained and equitable federal investment in water infrastructure, highlighting the critical role of State Revolving Funds (SRFs) in delivering safe, affordable drinking water and protecting source water. | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | Clean Water SRF Financing for Decentralized Septic Projects | This blog explores two key questions: Does federal law allow funding for decentralized septic projects? And, if state law limits effective access to these funds, what can be done about it? | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | Optimizing Interest Rate, Loan Term, and Fee Policies in SRF Financing | This blog briefly describes interest rates, loan terms, and fees policies and provide background information to help potential SRF applicants understand the nuances of award packages for which they may be eligible and to help state SRF program staff compare their offerings with those of other states. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | Directing Principal Forgiveness to Communities That Need It Most | To provide background on the PF-related elements, this blog explores three key policies that shape PF distribution in state SRF programs. Given the significant opportunity within the SRFs to support state-defined DACs through PF, it is essential to understand the key policy decisions states make that influence how these funds reach the communities most in need. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | How States Define Disadvantaged Communities for the DWSRF | In this blog, 3 different key policy decisions state adminsitrators make in defining state disadvantaged communities (DACs) are detailed. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | Understanding Set-Aside Funds: Strengthening Water Systems Beyond Infrastructure | This blog gives a foundational explanation on set-aside funds and their usage in Drinking Water SRF capitalization grants | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | State Policies Impacting SRF Assistance to State-Defined Disadvantaged Communities | This brief details analysis of state-level SRF policies such as setting the total amount available for principal forgiveness, establishing caps on the amount of principal forgiveness any given project or community can receive, and defining project prioritization criteria, revealing diverse approaches to supporting state-defined DACs. | Other |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | How States’ Disadvantaged Community Definitions Can Prioritize Access to SRFs for Under-Resourced Communities | This brief, through a detailed analysis of the diverse approaches taken by the 50 states through analyzing Intended Use Plans (IUPs), reveals varied methodologies, and offers no one-size-fits-all solution. However, through this analysis, several key recommendations stand out. | Other |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2025 | Optimizing Interest Rate and Other Loan Policies for SRF Financing | This brief explores policy options, analyzes trends across the states, and highlights policies and practices that states should consider when determining interest rate and other loan policies. | Other |
| EPA | 2025 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Infrastructure Programs and FY2025 Appropriations | Congressional Research Service summary sheet for US EPA Water Infrastructure Program funding included in the FY2025 Appropriations in the “Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025” (P.L. 119-4) | Webpage |
| EPIC and Center for Neighborhood Technology | 2025 | Disadvantaged Community (DAC) Mapping Tool | This tool highlights State-defined disadvantaged communities (DACs) under the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program in five Great Lakes states. It helps people understand how states define DACs and who benefits from DWSRF funding. | Database |
| EPIC and Environmetal Defense Fund | 2025 | Lead Innovation Hub | A new, one-stop shop action hub is a digital toolkit for eliminating lead pipes ASAP. | Webpage |
| PolicyLink | 2025 | Southern SRF Analysis and Advocacy Project | The Southern State Revolving Fund (SRF) Analysis and Advocacy Project, produced by PolicyLink, works on specific interventions in the south, where the racial and economic disparity in clean and affordable water is particularly pronounced due to decades of historical underinvestment and disinvestment in majority Black and People of Color communities. | Webpage |
| River Network | 2025 | Compendium of SRF State Agencies | Snapshot of SRF state administrator contact information. | Database |
| River Network | 2025 | Keeping Up with Water Decision-Making in Washington, D.C. | River Network is tracking federal water policy and funding decision-making in a blog, and organizations are encouraged to share their story. Topics covered are broader than the SRFs, covering other water policy, funding, and agency updates. (Last updated: July, 2025) | Blog post |
| River Network | 2025 | What are Earmarks? | Brief video overview of earmarks (on YouTube and the Forum website’s Resources page). | Webinar |
| The Impact Project | 2025 | The Impact Project/Map | The Impact Map provides timely data on federal impacts felt across the U.S. —as it becomes available—on policy, funding, and workforce changes and their localized effect. This tool is currently in beta and will continue evolving, so you may find areas that need updating. | Webpage |
| The Value of Water Campaign | 2025 | State Fact Sheets | The value of water campaign has a nation-wide report with state-by-state fact-sheets. | Report |
| US Water Alliance | 2025 | How States Can Lead on Water: The Critical Role of Innovative Funding and Public Awareness | This policy brief offers actionable strategies, highlights state examples, and underscores the need for public engagement and awareness campaigns to inspire and support states and localities in adopting innovative funding solutions. | Report |
| Clean Water for All Coalition | 2024 | Coalition Survey and Assessment: State Revolving Fund Technical Needs | This survey and assessment project produced a series of profiles on community water needs. This will be submitted toEPA to inform deployment of technical assistance resources. | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | A Data Funnel for Drinking Water Infrastructure | This July 2024 blog post breaks down how tracking the progression of drinking water SRF projects from application to prioritization to final agreement could be vastly improved by implementing unique project IDs. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | Following the Money: How Dollars Flow from Federal Appropriations Through State Revolving Fund Programs to Support Local Water Infrastructure Projects | EPIC’s Following the Money explainer aims to demystify how SRF funds move from Congressional appropriations through state SRF programs to fund local water infrastructure projects, outlined in 19 steps over four stages. We also explain key concepts involved in the process. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | Exploring How States are Distributing Historic Drinking Water Investments | A blog with analysis of the August 2024 update to the EPA SRF Public Data Portal, regarding finalized agreements | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | The Wide World of Drinking Water Data | In this blog, different types and sources of water data are described and compared for their 1) accessiblity 2) use and purpose and 3) whether the source gives accurate information on water equity and accessiblity | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | Are More Drinking Water Funds Going to State-defined Disadvantaged Communities Through State Revolving Funds? | In this blog, analysis of the EPA SRF Public Portal data update with the frist year of IIJA usage of funds shows some preliminary results of the increased level of funding. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2024 | Probably More Than You Want to Know About SRF Compound Interest | This blog is a deep dive into SRF finance terms, and specificallly how compound interest affects SRF financing. | Blog post |
| Goverment Accountability Office (GAO) | 2024 | Clean Water: Revolving Fund Grant Formula Could Better Reflect Infrastructure Needs, and EPA Could Improve Needs Estimate | This GAO report reviewed the current CWSRF program grant formula, which hasn't been updated since 1987, and makes recommendations for Congress and EPA to revise the allotment formula and to collect better data to measure funding needs. | Report |
| National Federation of Municipal Analysts | 2024 | Recommended Best Practices in Disclosure for State Revolving Fund Revenue Bonds | This paper presents the Recommended Best Practices in Disclosure for State Revolving Fund Revenue Bonds. This document is to be used in conjunction with, not to supplant, the guidance provided in the amendments to SEC Rule 15c2-12, which mandates an issuer’s commitment to provide continuing disclosure of financial and operational information on an annual basis. | Report |
| NRDC | 2024 | Will Funds Flow Fairly? State Water Infrastructure Equity Report Cards | This report qualitatively assesses each state’s public, written SRF policies. NRDC definedand applied 16 criteria to assign the state an overall equity score (and associated grade, A through F), with sub-scoresfor its clean water, drinking water, and lead service line replacement funding programs. These criteria focus on identifying policy obstacles that place financial assistance out of reach for many disadvantaged communities, includingpolicies that treat such communities unfavorably in selection criteria, limit available subsidies, and curb input from thepublic. Check out your state's scorecard! | Report |
| Project on Government Oversight (POGO) | 2024 | EPA Oversight of Drinking Water Infrastructure Spending by States | POGO published more than 100 EPA records that shed light on how the 50 states and Puerto RIce are managing SRF funding. It includes an interactive map along with EPA's annual review checklists. | Webpage |
| Water Hub | 2024 | Just Infrastructure campaign | Water Hub developed an amazing comms resource - a blueprint for clean water and climate action and the goal of groups across the country working to bring billions of federal water dollars to the ground in neighborhoods and the wild spaces that sustain us.This website is a celebration of Just Infrastructure projects taking root as federal water dollars flow, and a storytelling resource for those pushing for equitable spending and future funding. | Webpage |
| American Rivers | 2023 | Equity and Green Investments in the State Revolving Funds of the Delaware River Watershed 2009-2021 | In 2021 American Rivers, with the Water Center at the University of Pennsylvania, set out to evaluate how financial assistance has been historically awarded to those that apply to the State Revolving Funds within the Delaware River Watershed. | Report |
| ASDWA | 2023 | A New Era for the Drinking Water State Revolving Funds: Identifying Ways to Better Assist Disadvantaged Communities | Report highlighting recent DAC definition changes made by several states, includes case studies and reflections from SRF program staff, compares DAC definition changes from EPA's white paper on the topic. | Report |
| ASDWA | 2023 | Interactive Table on State DAC Definitions | Search for your state's Disadvantaged Community (DAC) definition using ASDWA's database. (Scroll down on page to find the database table) | Database |
| Clean Water Action | 2023 | Equitable and Effective Water Infrastructure Spending: Increasing Transparency and Accessibility in State Revolving Fund Programs | Clean Water Action and Clean Water Fund examined information provided by the 50 States’ SRF programs to develop a snapshot of SRF accessibility and transparency and to identify areas of potential procedural improvement. | Report |
| CRS | 2023 | Authorizations and the Appropriations Process | Congressional explainer for the authorization and appropriations process authored May 2023. | Report |
| Environmental Finance Center Network | 2023 | Funding Sources for Public Water Utilities | A database that helps identify funding sources, including SRFs. This is especially helpful in states where the SRF process may not yield much in the way of PF. | Database |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Five ideas for State Revolving Fund programs to advance equity in 2023 | This blog details 5 policy and regualtory recommendations to make state SRF programs distribute funds more equitably | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Three Powerful Tools for Tracking Water Infrastructure Investments | A detailed blog of 3 different tools to track the flow of SRF funding in an accurate and timely fashion | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Adequate and stable base funding is critical for the longevity of State Revolving Fund Programs | Blog describing the potential negative impacts of earmarks on SRF funds and making the case to mitigate cuts to SRF funds | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | State SRF Policies to Help Communities Fully Take Up the new Federal Funding for Lead Service Lines | This blog outlines three strategies states can adopt to make it easier for communities to take up the federal funding for lead service line replacement (LSLR) made available through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | How State Revolving Fund Policies Can Support Equitable Water Workforce Development | "This brief identifies policy options state SRF administrators can adopt to advanceequitable workforce goals. These options are organized into six categories:1. Programmatic2. Requirements3. Incentives4. Structural5. Guidance6. Capacity Building | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | State SRF Policies to Help Communities Fully Take Up the new Federal Funding for Lead Service Lines | This blog outlines three strategies states can adopt to make it easier for communities to take up the federal funding for lead service line replacement (LSLR) made available through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Policy Choices States Make to Allocate Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds | PDF of presentation that outlines the kinds of policy choices states make to distribute SRF money and what kinds of changes advocates can consider making. | Other |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Who benefits from State Revolving Fund Earmarks? | In this blog, recipients of earmarks from SRF funds are discussed and analyzed, showing that localities that receive earmarks tend to be less well-off, less white, and larger on average | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Ohio’s Water Resources Restoration Sponsorship Program: A 20-year success | A retrospective on Ohio's sponsorship program for CWSRF restoration projects, discussing the insights that administrators believed contributed to their success: 1) A good reason to start, 2) Flexible state legislation, 3) A robust base SRF program, 4) Dedicated staff members, and 5) The support of big players | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | An Initial Analysis of EPA’s New State Funding Allotment for Lead Service Line Replacement | This blog is EPIC’s initial analysis and takeaways on the importance of changes to the LSL fund allotment formula, summarized with the statement, "The allotment of federal funding for lead service line replacement is being revised to align funding with states’ “lead burden,” which is good - but the survey responses appear to be an imperfect indicator for aligning funding." | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2023 | Variation in Borrowing Costs Between Different States’ Drinking Water and Clean Water State Revolving Fund Programs | This blog describes the differences in borrowing costs between the DWSRF and CWSRF for various states, and provides background on the financial terms of SRF loans. | Blog post |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | 2023 | Water Finance Clearinghouse | A robust, searchable, centralized resource of financing options at community, tribes, state, and federal scope | Webpage |
| EPA | 2023 | Funding for Lead Service Line Replacement | A list of federal and non-federal funding sources for lead service line replacement (LSLR) | Webpage |
| EPA | 2023 | CWSRF National Information Management System Reports | EPA collects data annually from the state CWSRF programs to document program progress and account for the use of federal funds. Data collected from the state CWSRF programs are stored in the CWSRF National Information Management System (NIMS). | Database |
| EPA | 2023 | DWSRF National Information Management System Reports | EPA collects data annually from the state DWSRF programs to document program progress and account for the use of federal funds. Data collected from the state DWSRF programs are stored in the DWSRF National Information Management System (NIMS). | Database |
| EPA | 2023 | Clean Water State Revolving Fund website | Covers the basics of the DWSRF and includes CWSRF state contact information and other helpful resources, reports, and data | Webpage |
| EPA | 2023 | Drinking Water State Revolving Fund website | Covers the basics of the DWSRF and includes DWSRF state contact information and other helpful resources, reports, and data | Webpage |
| EPIC and NRDC | 2023 | Information Collection Request to EPA | Response to EPA's request on what information it can gather from states to properly track /implement J40. EPIC and NRDC provided suggestions for improvement. | Other |
| EPIC, Center for Neighborhood Technology, and WeACT for Environmental Justice | 2023 | Climate & Economic Justice Screening Tool (CEJST) Presentation | Assesses the White House’s CEJST, what it’s done to characterize disadvantaged communities, and key recommendations. | Webinar |
| Georgetown Climate Center | 2023 | Equitable Adaptation Legal & Policy Toolkit: Funding Options for Resilient and Equitable Water Resources Investments | Gives some examples of financing for resilient and equitable water resource investments from different levels of government (federal, state, and local) and from sources outside the public sector. | Webpage |
| Lead Service Line Collaborative | 2023 | Funding for Lead Service Line Replacement | Guide on funding sources for LSLR | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| New Jersey Future and EPIC | 2023 | Improving a Program that Works: Recommendations to the New Jersey Water Bank for Advancing Equity | This report analyzes NJWB awards (i.e., low interest loans and principal forgiveness) over a 5-year period and also assesses the underlying policies governing how New Jersey defines disadvantaged communities. The report’s ten recommendations would increase the equity and effectiveness of the NJWB program and ensure that communities with the greatest needs receive adequate assistance. | Report |
| Quantified Ventures | 2023 | What Are State Revolving Funds and Why Should Watershed Leaders Care? | An introductory blog to the importance of the CWSRF for nonpoint source pollution and green infrastructure for watershed leaders. | Blog post |
| Anica, S.T. | 2022 | Essays on Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act | This dissertation empirically examines three issues related to CWA and SDWA: 1) Financial Assistance and Environmental Compliance; 2) Financial Assistance Priorities from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund; and 3) Drinking Water Compliance during COVID-19 Pandemic | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | What types of projects do states actually invest in with Clean Water State Revolving Funds? | This blog shows an analysis of 10 years of CWSRF funding projects, which may shed light on how increased funidng from IIJA would be used | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | EPIC Supports EPA's BIL SRF Implementation | EPIC summarized 5 key takeaways from the EPA's BIL implementation memo in this blog post. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | Earmarks Harm Half of States’ Water Financing | This blog describes the 2023 federal omnibus appropriations bill and how earmarks in the SRF program have affected different states' funding | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | States Can Use Certain Policy Tools to Direct More Clean Water State Revolving Funds to Green Infrastructure | This blog summarizes key general recommendations for promoting and incentivizing green infrastructure projects through state Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) policies, simply by adapting policy mechanisms with which most state CWSRF administrators will already be familiar. | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | From the Ground Up: A Guide to Replacing the Nation's Toxic Lead Lines Over the Next Decade | This report explains best practices for municipalities, utilities, and policymakers to implement effective lead replacement programs. | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | Coordinating Environmental Nonprofit work on Disadvantaged Community and Affordability Criteria Definitions | This blog summarizes a discussion that took place in summer 2022 when a group of environmental nonprofits gathered to share thoughts on state policies that dictate how SRF assistance is allocated and ways to increase equity in the process | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | Reforming State SRF Policies: Lessons Learned from Advocacy in Wisconsin | This blog summarizes key takeaways from Wisconsin advocates’ first year of engagement on SRF state policies | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | State Revolving Funds Policy Frameworks Presentation | Outlines key issues for state SRF advocacy. A recording of this presentation is available here | Other |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2022 | Common Pay for Success contracting pitfalls and how to avoid them | This blog discusses the advantages and setbacks of different structural aspects of pay-for-success programs for environmental projects. | Blog post |
| EPA | 2022 | Bipartisan Infrstructure Law: 2022 SRF Estimated Allotments to States, Tribes, and Territories by Program | An interactive tool that facilitates exploration of funding EPA has announced that states, Tribes, and territories will receive for 2022 through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. The tool also includes estimated job creation from these investments. | Database |
| EPA | 2022 | DWSRF Infographic | Infographic summarizing the pathway of SRFs from Congress to states | Other |
| EPA | 2022 | EPA’s March 2022 BIL Implementation Memo | This memorandum provides information and guidelines on how EPA will award and administer SRF Capitalization Grants appropriated to the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Includes details on changes to CWA and SDWA, Build America Buy America provisions, and more. | Memo |
| EPA | 2022 | Memorandum: Implementation of the Tribal Water Infrastructure Appropriations in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law | This memo focuses on the two tribal set-aside programs from the BIL SRF appropriation:the Clean Water Indian Set-Aside (CWISA) and the Drinking Water Infrastructure Grant - TribalSet-Aside (DWIG-TSA). It also provides information and guidelines on howEPA will allocate and administer the CWISA and DWIG-TSA funds appropriated to the State andTribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account in the BIL. | Memo |
| EPA | 2022 | DWSRF DAC Definitions: A Reference for States | White paper on criteria states use for DAC definitions. | Report |
| EPA, Office of Water | 2022 | Memo: Implementation of the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Provisions of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law | This memorandum reviews key priorities for SRF BIL implementation. Attachment 1 provides detailed technical information pertaining to program requirements for the five SRF funds through the BIL, Attachment 2 reviews key BIL amendments to the Clean Water Act (CWA), which include new provisions applicable to the base CWSRF programs, Attachment 3 reviews key BIL amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), which include new provisions applicable to the base DWSRF programs. | Memo |
| EPIC and Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT) | 2022 | Unlocking State Revolving Funds to Finance Resilience Across the Great Lakes Region | This report looks at the current status of how CWSRF dollars have been spent across the Great Lakes states and propose greenerpriorities that would spur transformation in environmental, economic, public health, and social outcomes. | Report |
| EPIC and Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC) | 2022 | A Fairer Funding Stream: How Reforming the Clean Water State Revolving Fund Can Equitable Improve Water Infrastructrure Across the Country | This report quantitatively assesses inequities observed in how and who benefits from CWSRFs by examining a decade (2010-2021) of CWSRF funding decisions. The report finds that smaller municipalities and municipalities with larger populations of color are statistically less likely to receive assistance. | Report |
| EPIC and Nicholas Institute of Environmental Policy at Duke | 2022 | Uncommitted State Revolving Funds | An analysis of data from the EPA, interviewed stakeholders, and conducted a survey of over 200 water system decision makers and 30 state SRF administrators to better understand what is driving uncommitted SRF funds. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Investigative Reporting Workshop | 2022 | Waiting for Water: InfrastructureLaw Hearlds Hope for Alaskan Tribal Villages Without Running Water | AWIA authorizes the DWSRF to allow extended infrastructure loan terms, requires the provision of additional subsidy to state-defined disadvantaged communities, and expands source water protection-related eligibilities under the Local Assistance set-aside. | Report |
| Lawyers for Good Government | 2022 | A 50-State Survey of State Policies and Decision Makers to Help Ensure Federal Investments Go to “Disadvantaged Communities” Under Biden’s J40 Initiative | This report includes analysis of states’ DAC definitions related to water infrastructure | Report |
| Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC) | 2022 | Water Affordability Advocacy Toolkit | This module addresses affordability and assistance programs that directly reduce the size of the monthly water bill on an ongoing basis, typically through a discount or bill credit. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| New York Times | 2022 | An Alabama Town’s Sewage Woes Test Biden’s Infrastructure Ambitions | The new law allocates $11.7 billion for wastewater and stormwater projects. Will it get to the impoverished communities who need it most? | News Article |
| Quantified Ventures and Environmental Defense Fund | 2022 | Generating Revenue to Finance Natural Infrastructure Projects in the Mississippi River Basin | This report identifies five replicable forms of revenue generation that can be used to fundor finance natural infrastructure investments and are considered the most feasible to use as repayment for natural infrastructureprojects within SRF and resilience revolving fund loans | Report |
| River Network | 2022 | State Revolving Funds Resources | A compendium of resources on State Revolving Funds. Associated with the River Network SRK Toolkit | Database |
| River Network | 2022 | SRF Advocacy Toolkit | This toolkit aims to build the capacity of advocates to influence, improve, and access the process of securing funding for communities who need it most and have historically been unable to access SRF dollars. See References section for extensive SRF resources. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| River Network | 2022 | SRFS 101: The Fundamentals of SRF Administration & Influencing Equitable Infrastructure in Your Community | A 3-part learning session series by River Network, covers the basics of how SRFs function, influencing SRF implementation, and how and when SRF investments can be used to impact water affordability outcomes. | Webinar |
| WaterNow Alliance | 2022 | Tap into Resilience Resource Library: SRF Resources | Compilation of national and state level SRF-related reports plus WaterNow SRF webinars - includes a plethora of other funding options as well. | Database |
| Brookings Institute | 2021 | How Equity Isn’t Built Into the Infrastructure Bill – and Ways to Fix It | This report examines seven ways in which equity is not prioritized in the IIJA, and how these potholes could be avoided as program rules and project selections roll out | Report |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2021 | State Revolving Funds and Green Infrastructure: tools for water, public health, and climate resilience | This blog promotes the usage of CWSRF funds for green infrastructure and the positive impacts of investing in green infrastructure | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2021 | More Water Infrastructure Funds = More Equity? | This blog discusses the different ways increased funding from IIJA (not yet passed at the time of writing) could be used to increase water equity | Blog post |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2021 | Replacing Toxic Lead Pipes Faster: Innovative Procurement and Financing Approaches Are Just as Important as Federal Funding | This report explores some key questions: How do we ensure lead pipe replacement happens faster, so people no longer have to drink water contaminated by lead? What efficiencies can we put in place that have been proven to be effective in other spheres? How do we encourage innovations that can help speed up lead pipe replacement? | Report |
| EPA | 2021 | Pro Bono Capacity-Building Technical Assistance Program | Environmental Protection Network offers pro bono assistance to communities and non-profits to translate regulator processes into lay language, advice on navigating regulatory or grants programs, connecting groups to others in EPN’s network, and identifying contacts at regulatory agencies. | Webpage |
| EPA | 2021 | CWSRF Best Practices Guide for Financing Nonpoint Source Solutions | The purpose of this guide is to share the collective wisdom from those states that have achieved success in this area. Best practices begin with focused intention and are typically welldesigned, flowing from a program’s articulated mission and goals into the array of projects that receive CWSRF assistance each year | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| EPA | 2021 | Funding Resilient Infrastructure and Communities with the Clean Water State Revolving Fund | A 5-page overview of CWSRF assistance options for resiliency projects, review the MOU between EPA and FEMA for disaster assistance grants, covers flooding, drought, etc, provides lessons learned and state examples. | Other |
| EPA | 2021 | Developing Water System Partnerships with the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund | Explains how informal cooperation, contractual assistance, joint power agency, and ownership transfer partnerships can strengthen technical, managerial, and financial capacity of water systems. | Report |
| EPA | 2021 | Asset Management Plans and the Clean Water State Revolving Fund | A 3-page overview of how CWSRF funding can be used for asset management planning by utilities | Report |
| EPA | 2021 | Addressing Water Affordability with the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund | The Financial Capability Assessment (FCA) Guidance provides tools to evaluate the financial resources a community has available to implement Clean Water Act (CWA) controls. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| EPIC and ECT | 2021 | Paying for Water Quality Improvements and Resilience in the GLs: Focus on Green Stormwater Infrastructure | This paper focuses on funding and financing options for green stormwater infrastructure, which is already an accepted means of improving climate resilience. | Report |
| EPIC and Quantified Ventures | 2021 | Webinar: Leveraging State Revolving Funds for Green Infrastructure Projects | This webinar describes creative approaches and tools already in use in some states to use SRF’s to finance nature-based infrastructure and policies to increase investment. Some innovative ideas include authorizing sponsorship projects and loan guarantees. The webinar highlights best practices from across the country. | Webinar |
| EPIC and University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability | 2021 | Drinking Water Equity: Analysis and Recommendations for the Allocation of State Revolving Funds | Using national and state-level data from 2011 to 2020, the report looks specifically at three key mechanisms by which states can further equity through the allocation of DWSRFs: 1) by distributing assistance across more drinking water systems; 2) by providing grants (rather than loans) to low-resource communities; and 3) by distributing assistance across demographic contexts in a just manner. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Executive Office of the President | 2021 | Summary of Memorandum on Interim Implementation Guidance for the Justice40 Initiative | Federal agencies should now start using the CEJST to identify geographically defined disadvantaged communities for any covered programs under the Justice40 Initiative and for programs where a statute directs resources to disadvantaged communities, to the maximum extent possible and permitted by law | Memo |
| Grist | 2021 | The Next Test for Environmental Justice Policy? Defining ‘Disadvantaged Communities.’ | This news article published in Grist digs into what goes into defining "disadvantaged community" with a focus on New York State's process related to its landmark climate law, as well as California's approach. | News Article |
| Hansen, Katy, Sridhar Vedachalam & John Ryan | 2021 | Increasing State Revolving Fund Capacity through Leveraging - Water Finance & Management | A discussion on how states can enhance their capacity to fund water infrastructure, especially for small public water systems - that struggle to get funding - improvements by leveraging (i.e. issuing bonds) federal funds with other debt. | Report |
| Internet of Water and Duke University, Nicholas Institute of Water Policy Solutions | 2021 | Water Affordability Dashboard | water affordability dashboard that allows users to assess affordability across different water utilities using flexible, self-selected parameters. | Webpage |
| Milwaukee Water Commons | 2021 | Testimony of Brenda Coley on Water Infrastructure and Environmental Justice | House Committee testimony from Milwaukee Water Commons: Across the nation there is an urgent need for federal leadership to equitably fund the repair and enhancement of water infrastructure. Our delay in addressing the need to replace aging water infrastructure with more adaptive and resilient water management contributes to ongoing economic and public health crises around our nation | Other |
| Milwaukee Water Commons | 2021 | Milwaukee Water Commons Comments on May 2021 DRAFT of State of Wisconsin Safe Drinking Water Loan Program Intended Use Plan for FFY 2021 Funds for the SFY 2022 Funding Cycle | Request for DNT strive to make the maximum amount of PF available for the SFY 2022 funding cycle: 49% of the capitalization grant (14% + 35%) for a total of $9,187,010. | IUP Comments |
| NRDC | 2021 | Testimony on Sustainable Wastewater Infrastructure: Measures to Promote Resiliency and Climate Adaptation and Mitigation | The purpose of this hearing is to provide Members with additional information on policies and practices to encourage greater resiliency and sustainability of wastewater utilities in meeting the requirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, more commonly known as the Clean Water Act. | Other |
| River Network | 2021 | Equitable Water Infrastructure Toolkit | Use the toolkit to identify the factors that affect water affordability; become familiar with water infrastructure funding and financing mechanisms; andunderstand the role and impact of local, state, and federal entities and community organizations in addressing affordability and sustainability. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| River Network | 2021 | Video: Meet River Network's Equitable Water Infrastructure Toolkit | Watch for a walkthrough of the toolkit, see highlights of key components, and how to apply to your community. (56 min) | Webinar |
| Ryan, J. | 2021 | Can Innovative WIFIA Features Help Expand SRF Loan Capacity? | In its 2020 annual report, the EPA’s Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) loan program describes itself as a “government bank with unique flexibilities.” This article discusses if those flexibilities be useful for Clean and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds (SRFs) considering leverage to expand their capacity for loans. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Southwest Environmental Finance Center & Spring Point Partners | 2021 | State Revolving Fund Switchboard | Searchable state based repository of SRF documentation and tools | Database |
| US Water Alliance | 2021 | US Water Alliance Knowledge Map | The Alliance created a Recovering Stronger Knowledge Map to plot and share the programs and policies highlighted by water leaders across the country. The tool can help educate the community about established or emerging policies and programs and connect with water leaders. | Database |
| WaterNow Alliance | 2021 | Webinar: Leveraging SRFs for Innovative Water Infrastructure Investment | Features Micheal Deane, Chief of the CWSRF at EPA, Nicholas Chamberlain, Team Leader of the DWSRF at EPA, Deidre Finn, Executive Director of the Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities (CIFA), and Caroline Koch, Water Policy Director at WaterNow Alliance | Webinar |
| WaterNow Alliance | 2021 | Fed Funding Series: Leveraging State Revolving Funds for Innovative Water Infrastructure Investments | The first in WaterNow's Tapping Into Federal Funding series, Leveraging State Revolving Funds for Innovative Water Infrastructure Investments, will explore how local leaders can access State Revolving Fund to finance innovative water infrastructure investments. | Webinar |
| Williamette and CSI | 2021 | InfrastructureNext: Building Infrastructure that Builds Community | This resource guide goes into the InfrastructureNext approach to community engagement and value planning to help communities create innovative solutions to large infrstructure problems | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| CIFA | 2020 | SRF Profiles | Direct links to Intended Use Plans for each state | Database |
| Council of Infrastructure Financing Authorities (CIFA) | 2020 | SRF Facts and Stats | A list of links on introductory information on SRFs and statistics on SRF programs by state | Webpage |
| Environmental Policy Innovation Center (EPIC) | 2020 | Are SRF Allocations Across Communities Equitable? | A blog discussing the basic reasons for differences in SRF funding allocations across different communities | Blog post |
| EPA, Office of Wastewater Management | 2020 | Webinar: Working Collaboratively to Fund Water Infrastructure Needs: State and Foundation Water Finance Partnerships | In this webinar, hear about ways coordination between funding agencies occurs in states across the country. The webinar also discusses opportunities for state-level agencies to partner with foundations on water infrastructure investments. | Webinar |
| Greer, Robert A. | 2020 | A review of public water infrastructure financing in the US | The goal of this paper is to review the portfolio of financing options that exist for public entities responsible for the construction and maintenance of water infrastructure in the United States, including the municipal bond market, state revolving loan funds, federal grant and loan programs, public–private partnerships, and recent financing innovations. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| NRDC | 2020 | CWSRF Affordability Proposals | | |
| NRDC | 2020 | SDWA Affordability Proposals | | |
| US Department of Energy | 2020 | Federal Water Finance Programs | Water Security Grand Challenge hosted a webinar to discuss innovation and finance for the nation’s water infrastructure featuring three leaders who manage and direct America’s water resources. | Webinar |
| Wan, X. and Keiser, D. | 2020 | The Effects of Source Water Protection Grants: Evidence from the Minnesota Clean Water Fund | This paper examines the impacts ofCWF source water protection grants on drinking water outcomes. Leveraging the water violationrecords of hundreds of community water systems (CWSs) in Minnesota, the authors employ panel data and event study research designs to study the impact of these grants on violations. The authors find evidence that water systems incur less health-based violations after they receive a grant. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Congressional Research Service Reports (CRS) | 2019 | America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018: Drinking Water Provisions | The Report primarily addresses the drinking water provisions of Title II and Title IV of the America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (“AWIA”). | Report |
| CRS | 2019 | Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations | This report summarizes, in chronological order, congressional activity to fund items in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account since 1987. In appropriations legislation, funding for EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) wastewater assistance is contained in the measure providing funds for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. | Report |
| Great Lakes Environmental Law Center and American Rivers | 2019 | Protecting Drinking Water in the Great Lakes: A Primer on Existing State Policies and Using the Safe Drinking Water Act | This report provides an overview of the SDWA at the federal level and how it is implemented by the eight Great Lakes states: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. This report describes how all eight Great Lakes states implement the SDWA and the legal baseline in the Great Lakes for regulating drinking water safety. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| Kricun, A. | 2019 | Using the Clean Water State Revolving Fund to Improve Water Infrastructure and Sustain Affordable User Rates | Testimony of Andrew Kricun, Executive Director of Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority before the Water Resources and Environment Subcommittee, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of US House of Representatives regarding the use of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund to improve water infrastructure and sustain affordable user rates | Other |
| NRDC | 2019 | Watered Down Justice | An analysis that revealed that race, ethnicity, and language had the strongest relationship to slow and inadequate enforcement of the Safe Drinking Water Act. | Report |
| University of Michigan Water Center | 2019 | Using the State Drinking Water Revolving Fund to Facilitate Lead Service Line Replacement in Michigan: State Case Studies and Recommendations | This memo outlines several policy options that could be utilized to achieve full replacement of LSLs in Michigan through the DWRF program. In addition to the policy options, it is recommended that significant additional funding should be allocated to the DWRF to achieve full replacement of LSLs within 20 years | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Copeland, C. and Tiemann. M. | 2018 | Water Infrastructure Needs and Investment: Review and Analysis of Key Issues | This report identifies a number of issues that continue to receive attention in connection with water infrastructure investment. | Report |
| CRS | 2018 | Wastewater Infrastructure: Overview, Funding, Legislative Developments | This report discusses federal funding for wastewater treatment through the State Water Pollution Control Revolving Fund (SRF) program and several other programs as well as current and future funding for the programs. | Report |
| CRS | 2018 | Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF): Overview, Issues, and Legislation | An overview of DWSRF Allotments and Set-Asides, Program Appropriations, Water Infrastructure Needs, Funding Issues . and Congressional Actions | Report |
| EPA | 2018 | SRF Fund Management Handbook | The purpose of this Handbook is to guide EPA and state SRF managers through the process of strategicFund management by putting the major financial topics concerning the SRF programs in a single place toact as a valuable educational and reference tool for EPA and state SRF managers. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| Mullin, M. and Daley, D.M. | 2018 | Multilevel Instruments for Infrastructure Investment: Evaluating State Revolving Funds for Water | Evaluates the stimulus effects of SRFs by examining the two largest such programs, the Clean Water and the Drinking Water SRF Programs. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| NRDC | 2018 | Go Back To The Well: States and the Federal Government are Neglecting a Key Funding Source for Water Infrastructure | This report describes actions that federal and state governments should take to generate more funding for water infrastructure through State Revolving Funds (SRFs). | Report |
| University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Environmental Finance Center. | 2018 | Affordability and Principal Forgiveness in the State Revolving Fund Programs of the Environmental Protection Agency Region 4 States | A study of how seven states in EPA Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee) are determining eligibility criteria for providing financial assistance to low-income communities applying to both the DW and CW SRF programs. | Report |
| WA State Department of Health | 2018 | DWSRF: Customer Handbook | This handbook is a guide for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) loan recipients. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| American Water Works Association | 2017 | Evaluation of Existing Regulations | Other | |
| EPA | 2017 | Sponsorship Lending and CWSRF | This fact sheet demonstrates how the CWSRF provides assistance to eligible recipients through sponsorship lending. It highlights successful projects in Idaho and Iowa. | Other |
| EPA | 2017 | Drinking Water State Revolving fund Eligibility Handbook | The EPA prepared a detailed handbook to address DWSRF eligibility, especially on emerging types of projects such as green projects, which are explored in “Appendix B” of the handbook. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| EPA | 2017 | Webinar: The Clean Water State Revolving Fund: Flexible Funding for the Urban Tree Canopy | This webinar, presented by EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service National Urban Forest Technology & Science Delivery Team, explores how the CWSRF can be used as a funding source for green infrastructure and urban forestry projects—a cost effective way to reduce combined sewage flooding problems. | Webinar |
| EPA | 2017 | Financing Options for Nontraditional Eligibilities in the CWSRF | This is a technical support reference, which looks at the varied types of financial assistance available to the CWSRF programs that can be deployed to fund eligibilities that do not fall within the mainstream of traditional grey infrastructure. | Report |
| EPA and U.S. Department of Agriculture | 2017 | Webinar: Sponsorship: A Unique Tool for Funding Land Conservation Projects with the CWSRF | Learn how CWSRFs are funding non-traditional projects such as tree planting and land acquisition for water quality improvement and protection using a strategy known as a “sponsorship” program (decreasing the interest rate and increasing the loan principal in the amount of the sponsored project) | Webinar |
| Knopman, D., Wachs, M., Miller M.B., Davis G.S, and Pfrommer, K. | 2017 | Not Everything Is Broken: The Future of U.S. Transportation and Water Infrastructure Funding and Finance | This report focuses on status and trends in operations and maintenance (O&M) and capital spending by all levels of government; reviews current policy and practice; and recommends actions that the federal government could take to better align both policy and spending to public priorities. | Report |
| Morris, J. C. | 2017 | Planning for Water Infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities | Summary of the US' water infrastructure needs. Paywall. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| National Academy of Public Administration | 2017 | Developing a New Framework for Community Affordability of Clean Water Services | The Academy conducted this study and developed this report in response to a congressional directive to update these EPA policies and guidance on affordability. | Report |
| Vedachalam, S. and Geddes, R. | 2017 | The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014: Structure and Effects | The authors examine the structure and implementation of WIFIA and its impact on existing financing mechanisms. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| EPA | 2016 | Funding Disadvantaged Communities with the Clean Water State Revolving Fund | 2-page overview of how states provide assistance to disadvantaged communities through the CWSRF, including through flexible financing terms, additional subsidization, technical assistance, and funding partnerships. | Report |
| EPA | 2016 | EPA Needs to Assess Environmental and Economic Benefits of Completed CWSRF Green Projects | An EPA conducted review to determine the environmental and economic benefits of the GreenProject Reserve (GPR) in the CWSRF program. | Report |
| EPA | 2016 | Review of the Allotment of CWSRF: Report to Congress | The report presents the results of the EPA review of the current CWSRF allotment and its adequacy to address the water quality needs of eligible states, | Report |
| Metropolitan Planning Council | 2016 | Let the Dollars Flow: Streamlining Illinois’ State Revolving Fund | Metropolitan Planning Council, Ill. Environmental Protection Agency and Metropolitan Mayors Caucus conducted research, stakeholder surveys and interviews to recommend a number of reforms to the Illinois State Revolving Fund | Report |
| National Environmental Justice Advisory Council | 2016 | Environmental Justice and Water Infrastructure Finance and Capacity Charge | The EPA seeks the NEJAC’s recommendations on the use of these tools, as well as on best practices to assist vulnerable, overburdened or otherwise disadvantaged communities with providing safe and clean water. | Other |
| Curley (Environmental Law Institute) | 2015 | Public Private Partnerships Sustainable Stormwater Financing Forum: Achieving sustainable stormwater infrastructure and economic prosperity through smart financing and PPP: the Leveraging Power of SRF | Powerpoint presentation on the benefits of leveraging private sector investment for stormwater infrastructure costs. | Other |
| EPA | 2015 | Value and Credit Mechanics of U.S. Government Sponsored Funding Models: The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds | Discusses The State Revolving Fund Model: Program Value and Model Designs and Credit Mechanics of Pooled and Single Borrower Financing Structures | Other |
| Government Accountability Office (GAO) | 2015 | SRFs: Improved Financial Indicators Could Strengthen EPA Oversight | This report examines (1) factors that affect selected states' abilities to sustain their SRF funds, (2) selected states' actions to enhance their SRF funds and views about sustaining the funds, and (3) steps that EPA takes to review states' abilities to sustain their SRF funds as part of its oversight. | Report |
| Resources for the Future | 2015 | Expected Versus Actual Outcomes of Environmental Policies: CWSRF | This paper examines the performance of the CWSRF, a federally funded program to provide loans to local publically owned treatment works (POTWs) in four states: Iowa, Indiana, Maryland and Texas. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| EPA | 2014 | Utilization of Additional Subsidization Authority in CW DWSRF: Report to Congress | This report provides Congress with information on the number and amounts of loans that included additional subsidization from the FY 2010 appropriation. This includes information on additional subsidization, recipients, and projects. Due to the multi-year nature of the SRF funding process, complete data state use of additional subsidy through the SRFs is only available for the FY 2010 appropriation. | Report |
| EPA | 2014 | Memorandum on DWSRF ULOs Reduction Strategy | This memorandum presents a national strategy to reduce unliquidated obligations (ULO) under the DWSRF | Memo |
| EPA | 2014 | Unliquidated Obligations Resulted in Missed Opportunities to Improve Drinking Water Infrastructure | An audit to determine whether the EPA has been effective in identifying and deobligating unneededDWSRF assistance agreement funds and preventing unwarranted accumulations of unliquidated obligations. | Report |
| NRDC | 2014 | Using the State Revolving Funds to Build Climate-Resilient Communities NRDC Water & Climate Team | To promote climate-resilient communities, NRDC recommends the development of SRF policies that incorporate (1) water efficiency, (2) green infrastructure, and (3) flood risk reduction. | Report |
| Daley M.D., Mullin M., Rubado E.M. | 2013 | State Agency Discretion in a Delegated Federal Program: Evidence from Drinking Water Investment | This article examines the use of discretion by state agencies in the context of multilevel policy. Research on agency discretion assumes that discretion represents a departure from legislative intent. However, Congress may delegate authority to promote policy innovation. Using data on investment in drinking water infrastructure from 2000 to 2008, we examine the relationship between agency discretion and functional expertise in implementing the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Goverment Accountability Office (GAO) | 2013 | Water Infrastructure: Approaches and Issues for Financing Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure | This testimony is based on a body of work from August 2002 through October 2012 and focuses on (1) EPA's Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs; (2) stakeholders' views on creating a clean water trust fund, a national wastewater infrastructure bank, and public-private partnerships for wastewater infrastructure; and (3) issues in financing drinking water and wastewater infrastructure. GAO's testimony summarizes the results of issued reports. | Report |
| EPA | 2012 | Sustainability and the CWSRF: A Best Practice Guide | This guide is intended for state programs as they consider policies and initiatives to promote community and water infrastructure sustainability. While this guide will primarily focus on the CWSRF, some policies used by the DWSRF are highlighted, and many CWSRF policies may be applicable to DWSRF programs | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| EPA | 2011 | Enhanced Coordination Needed to Ensure Drinking Water State Revolving Funds Are Used to Help Communities Not Meeting Standards | This report sought to determine whether DWSRF funds are effectively used to assist communities that do not meet standards as required under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The DWSRF program is not taking full advantage of the data and tools that are available to identify noncompliant systems that may benefit from DWSRF funding. | Report |
| Goverment Accountability Office (GAO) | 2011 | Recovery Act: Fund Supported Many Water Projects, and Federal and State Monitoring Shows Few Compliance Problems | GAO examined the (1) status and use of Recovery Act SRF program funds nationwide and in nine states; (2) EPA and state actions to monitor the act's SRF program funds; (3) EPA and selected states' approaches to ensure data quality, including for jobs reported by recipients of the act's funds; and (4) challenges, if any, that states have faced in implementing the act's requirements. | Report |
| VanDerslice J. | 2011 | Drinking Water Infrastructure and Environmental Disparities: Evidence and Methodological Considerations | Only 3 studies compared the demographic characteristics of communities by the quality of their drinking water, and the results were mixed in these studies. Further assessments were hampered by difficulties linking specific water systems to the sociodemographic characteristics of communities, as well as little information about how well water systems operated and the effectiveness of governmental oversight. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| EPA | 2010 | CWSRF Green Project Reserve: Guidance for Determining Project Eligibility | Guidance on how to determine which projects are eligible for GPR funding. | Toolkit, Guide, Handbook |
| CRS | 2008 | Safe Drinking Water Act: Selected Regulatory and Legislative Issues | Authorizations and the Appropriations Process | Report |
| CRS | 2008 | The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction | Congressional report on the authorization and appropriations process authored December 2008. | Report |
| Environmental Financial Board Advisory | 2008 | Benefits of direct loan and leveraged loan approaches in SRFs | This report shows that state programs that leverage their SRF funds have provided greater assistance as a percentage of their capitalizationgrants than those that use the direct loan approach | Report |
| Hall, Jeremy | 2008 | Assessing Local Capacity for Federal Grant-Getting | This study examines the combined effects of political and administrative capacity factors that influence flows of federal grant funds into local areas. The effects of these capacity dimensions are measured and tested using pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Kunz, K. | 2008 | The Use of Earmarks to Fund State and Local Infrastructure | This study uses federal appropriations legislation and earmark reports, supplemented by survey data and personal interviews with federal, state, and elected officials and agency executives to explore Illnois' municipal government's use of federal earmarks to finance local infrastructure needs. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Volden, C. | 2007 | Intergovernmental Grants: A Formal Model of Interrelated National and Subnational Political Decisions | This article develops a noncooperative game theoretic model, this approach helps to better explain puzzles surrounding intergovernmental grants, including the 'flypaper effect, asymmetric responses of recipient governments to grant increases and decreases, the grant-acceptance decisions of subnational governments, and tradeoffs between the size of grants and the strings that are attached. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Heaney, C. | 2005 | Comparison of Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Programs and other Federal Assistance to Disadvantaged Communities in EPA Region 4 | This paper collects and analyzes information on state revolving fund programs with a special focus on how states in EPA Region 4 have chosen to implement disadvantaged community programs. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Hughes et al. | 2005 | Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure in Appalachia: An analysis of capital funding and funding gaps | This report analyzes the conditions of water and wastewater services in the Appalachian Region and attempts to assess the financial requirements and strategies available to improve the quality of drinking water and wastewater services in the region, particularly in the areas that face chronic economic distress and clear deficiencies in these services. | Report |
| Travis, R., Morris, J.C. and Morris, E.D. | 2004 | State Implementation of Federal Environmental Policy: Explaining Leveraging in the CWSRF | This article seeks to explain the leveraging decision process, using three models as explanators. We conceive leveraging as a two-stage process—(1) the decision to leverage and (2) the decision of how much to leverage. By employing regression techniques, we find that the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA’s) stated reasons for leveraging—environmental needs and demand for loans—are not significant in the decision to leverage, although needs are significant at the second stage. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Morris, E. D., & Travis, R. L. | 2003 | Privatization In State Agencies: A Focus on Clean Water | This article examines the question of why state governments choose to privatize goods and services. After reviewing the literature, to explore the question, the authors devised their own model of state privatization. | Academic paper (thesis, peer-reviewed journal article, etc) |
| Goverment Accountability Office (GAO) | 2002 | Drinking water: Key aspects of EPA's Revolving Fund Program Need to Be Strengthened | A report that found that EPA is not taking full advantage of oversight tools to monitor states' implementation of the DWSRF. | Report |
| Great Lakes Commission | Great Lake's Commission Mapper | For those in the Great Lakes region, or anyone else interested in the impact of Congressional Directed Spending (CDS) or earmarks on state SRF programs, check out the Great Lakes Commission's mapper | Database |
